Gano Kamfanin jigilar kaya mafi arha daga China zuwa Italiya

Idan ya zo ga jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya, fahimtar zaɓuɓɓukanku yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka kayan aiki da sarrafa farashi yadda ya kamata. Tare da zabi tsakanin jirgin sama da kuma sufurin teku, kowace hanya tana ba da fa'idodi da ƙalubale na musamman. Jirgin sufurin jiragen sama yana ba da sauri da inganci, yana mai da shi manufa don jigilar kayayyaki na gaggawa, yayin da jigilar kaya na teku ke ba da ƙarin mafita na tattalin arziki don jigilar kaya. Wannan cikakken jagorar yana zurfafa cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri farashin jigilar kaya, matsakaicin lokutan wucewa, dokokin kwastam, da dabarun jigilar kayayyaki masu inganci. Ta hanyar kewaya waɗannan sarƙaƙƙiya, kasuwanci za su iya tabbatar da ƙwarewar jigilar kaya mai sauƙi da haɓaka ribar su a cikin gasa ta kasuwar duniya.

Jirgin Ruwa Daga China zuwa Italiya

Fahimtar Zaɓuɓɓukan jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya

Lokacin la'akari jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya, Kasuwanci da daidaikun mutane dole ne su zaɓi tsakanin zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri don biyan buƙatun kayan aikin su. Fahimtar rikitattun waɗannan hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na iya haifar da babban tanadi da ingantacciyar inganci wajen samun samfuran zuwa kasuwa.

Bayanin Hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki: Jirgin Sama vs. Teku

Lokacin zagayawa filin dabaru, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar hanyar jigilar kaya daidai wacce ta dace da buƙatun ku. Hanyoyi biyu na farko na jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya sune jirgin sama da kuma sufurin teku. Kowannensu yana da fa'ida da gazawarsa.

hanyar sufuri daga china

Jirgin Kaya

  1. Speed: Jirgin sama na iska an san shi don lokutan isarwa da sauri, yana mai da shi manufa don jigilar kayayyaki na gaggawa. Yawancin lokutan wucewa yana daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 10 dangane da takamaiman hanya da mai ɗaukar kaya.

  2. cost: Yayin jirgin sama yana da sauri, yana da tsada da yawa fiye da jigilar teku. Wannan nau'in sufuri na iya kashe kuɗi har sau biyar zuwa goma fiye da jigilar kaya ta cikin teku, musamman ga abubuwa masu nauyi ko masu girma.

  3. Mafi Amfani: Ya dace da kayayyaki masu ƙima ko lalacewa, ko samfuran da ke buƙatar isar da gaggawa, kamar kayan lantarki, kayan aikin likita, da kayan zamani.

Jirgin ruwa Freight

  1. Kudin-Inganci: Ruwan teku shine zabin da aka fi so don manyan kayayyaki saboda ƙananan farashinsa idan aka kwatanta da jigilar iska. Yana da fa'ida musamman ga manyan kayayyaki ko abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙima.

  2. Capacity: Jirgin ruwa na kaya na iya ɗaukar kaya mai yawa, yana ba da damar jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa wanda zai iya rage farashin kowane ɗayan.

  3. Lokacin wucewa: Lokacin jigilar kayayyaki na teku daga China zuwa Italiya na iya tafiya daga kwanaki 25 zuwa 45, ya danganta da layin jigilar kayayyaki da hanyar da aka bi.

  4. Tasirin Muhalli: Ana ɗaukar jigilar kayayyaki ta cikin teku gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa da muhalli fiye da jigilar iska, saboda yana fitar da ƙaramin adadin CO2 akan kowace tan na kayan da ake ɗauka.

Mabuɗin Abubuwan Da Ke Tasirin Farashin Jirgin Ruwa

Abubuwa da yawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance gaba ɗaya Farashin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya. Sanin waɗannan abubuwan na iya taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa mafi kyawun tsara kasafin kuɗin kayan aikin su:

  1. Nauyi da Girma: Nauyin da ƙarar kaya yana tasiri sosai akan farashi. Yawancin masu jigilar kaya suna ƙididdige kuɗin jigilar kaya bisa ko dai ainihin nauyi ko girman girma, duk wanda ya fi girma.

  2. Nisa na jigilar kaya: Tsawon nisa yawanci yana haifar da ƙarin farashin jigilar kaya. Takaitattun tashoshin jiragen ruwa na tashi da isowa suma suna shafar tsarin farashi gabaɗaya.

  3. Nau'in Kaya: Wasu nau'ikan kayayyaki na iya samun farashin jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban dangane da yanayinsu. Misali, abubuwa masu haɗari, abubuwa masu rauni, ko masu lalacewa galibi suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, suna tasiri ƙimar.

  4. Haraji da Haraji: Harajin shigo da kaya, VAT, da sauran harajin da kwastan Italiya ke karba zai kara yawan kudin jigilar kayayyaki. Fahimtar waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen tsara kasafin kuɗi yadda ya kamata.

  5. Inshora da Marufi: Ƙarin ayyuka kamar inshorar kaya da marufi na musamman na iya ba da gudummawa ga jimlar farashin jigilar kaya.

Kuna iya sha'awar labarai masu alaƙa:

Farashin jigilar kaya: Cikakken Rushewa

Fahimtar tsarin farashi mai alaƙa da jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya yana da mahimmanci ga masu shigo da kaya da masu fitarwa. A ƙasa akwai cikakken bayyani na matsakaicin farashin jigilar kaya da ke da alaƙa da duka biyun jirgin sama da kuma sufurin teku, tare da fahimtar kuɗaɗen ɓoye da ƙarin caji.

Matsakaicin Farashin jigilar kaya don jigilar Jirgin Sama

Farashin don jirgin sama ayyuka na iya bambanta ko'ina bisa abubuwan da aka ambata. A matsakaici, farashin jigilar jiragen sama daga China zuwa Italiya na iya zuwa daga $5 zuwa $12 a kowace kilogiram. Ga rarrabuwar kawuna na farashin jigilar kayayyaki na gama gari:

Nauyi (kg)Matsakaicin Farashin (USD)
0-10 kg$ 12 / kg
11-50 kg$ 10 / kg
51-100 kg$ 8 / kg
100+ kilogiram$5-$7/kg

Matsakaicin Farashin Jigila don Jirgin Ruwa

Yin jigilar kaya ta jigilar kaya na teku yana ba da mafita mai inganci mai tsada don jigilar kayayyaki. Matsakaicin farashi don sufurin teku daga China zuwa Italiya yawanci jeri daga $ 1,000 zuwa $ 3,000 za a Ganga mai ƙafa 20, ya danganta da abubuwa daban-daban kamar layin jigilar kaya da tashar jirgin ruwa:

Girman akwatiMatsakaicin Farashin (USD)Lokacin wucewa (kwanaki)
20-kafa$ 1,000 - $ 1,50025-30
40-kafa$ 1,500 - $ 3,00030-45

Kudaden Boye da Ƙarin Kuɗi

Baya ga daidaitattun farashin jigilar kaya, wasu ɓoyayyun kudade na iya tasowa yayin aikin jigilar kaya. Waɗannan farashin na iya haɗawa da:

  1. Karan Man Fetur: Masu jigilar kayayyaki na iya sanya ƙarin kuɗin man fetur, musamman ma rashin ƙarfi saboda hauhawar farashin mai.

  2. Kudaden Kwastam: Haraji na shigo da kaya, haraji, da kuɗaɗen kwastam suna da mahimmanci don ƙididdige ƙimar gabaɗaya. Tabbatar da takaddun da suka dace don guje wa jinkiri.

  3. Kudin Gudanarwa: Kudin lodi da saukewa a tashar jiragen ruwa ko ɗakunan ajiya na iya bambanta dangane da masu samar da sabis.

  4. Kudin ajiya: Idan ba za a iya ɗaukar kaya nan da nan da isowa ba, ana iya ɗaukar kuɗin ajiya.

  5. Farashin Inshora: Yayin da zaɓin zaɓi, tabbatar da inshora don jigilar kayayyaki masu daraja yana da kyau, ƙara yawan farashi.

Don ingantattun mafita game da buƙatun jigilar kaya, la'akari da haɗin gwiwa tare da Dantful International Logistics. Tare da su sabis na dabaru na duniya tasha ɗaya, Dantful yana ba da kyauta mai yawa, ciki har da izinin kwastam, sabis na sito, Da kuma sabis na inshora. Ƙwarewarsu a cikin kayan aiki yana tabbatar da ƙwarewar ƙwarewa ga abokan ciniki da ke jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya.

Lokacin wucewa: Abin da ake tsammani

Lokacin da ake shirin shigo da kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya, fahimtar yanayin lokutan jigilar kayayyaki na iya shafar ingancin sarkar samar da kayayyaki da sarrafa kayayyaki. Anan ga cikakken binciken abin da ake tsammani game da lokutan wucewa.

Matsakaicin Lokacin Canjawa don Jirgin Sama

Jirgin sama na iska ya kasance hanya mafi sauri don jigilar kayayyaki ta nisa mai nisa, gami da daga China zuwa Italiya. Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin lokacin jigilar kaya na jigilar iska zai iya zuwa daga 3 zuwa kwanaki 10. Takamaiman masu canji waɗanda ke yin tasiri a waɗannan lokutan sun haɗa da:

  • Jiragen Sama kai tsaye vs. Kai tsaye: Jiragen sama na kai tsaye suna ba da isar da sauri, yayin da hanyoyin kai tsaye tare da layovers na iya tsawaita lokacin jigilar kaya.
  • Tashoshin Jiragen Sama da Zuwa: Manyan filayen jiragen sama masu yawan haɗin kai na iya sauƙaƙe jigilar kaya cikin sauri.
  • Kwastam: Ko da yake jigilar jiragen sama ya fi sauri, jinkirta jinkiri a kwastam na iya ƙara kwanakin da ba a zata ba ga tsarin lokaci gabaɗaya.
shipping HanyarMatsakaicin Lokacin wucewa
Standard Air5-7 kwanaki
Express Air3-5 kwanaki

Matsakaicin Lokacin Canjawa don Jirgin Ruwa

Duk da yake sufurin teku ya fi tattalin arziki, gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ɗaukar lokaci mai tsayi. Matsakaicin lokacin jigilar kayayyaki na jigilar teku daga China zuwa Italiya yawanci suna faɗi cikin kewayon 25 zuwa kwanaki 45. Tsawon lokacin ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa:

  • Hanya da Layin Jirgin Ruwa: Layukan jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban na iya samun jadawali daban-daban, kuma hanyar da aka zaɓa na iya yin tasiri da sauri sosai.
  • Cunkoson Tashar ruwa: Tashar jiragen ruwa masu aiki na iya samun jinkiri wanda zai iya tsawaita lokacin wucewa sosai.
  • Canjin yanayi: Ƙara yawan buƙatun jigilar kayayyaki a lokutan lokutan kololuwa kamar hutu na iya haifar da doguwar tafiya saboda cunkoso da ƙarancin wadatar jirgin ruwa.
shipping HanyarMatsakaicin Lokacin wucewa
Jirgin ruwa Freight25-45 kwanaki

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Gudun Aiki

Abubuwa daban-daban na iya yin tasiri ga jimlar saurin jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya. Yi la'akari da waɗannan:

  • Yanayin Yanayi: Tsananin yanayi na iya kawo cikas ga zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da na ruwa.
  • Binciken Ka'idoji: Binciken bazuwar ta kwastan na iya jinkirta aiwatar da izini.
  • Kurakurai na Takardu: Takardar da ba ta cika ko ba daidai ba na iya rage jigilar jigilar kayayyaki ta iska da ta ruwa sosai.

Yadda Ake Zabar Kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki da Ya dace

Zaɓin kamfanin jigilar kaya da ya dace na iya yin babban bambanci a ayyukan kayan aikin ku. Yana da mahimmanci don tantance ma'auni daban-daban da ayyukan da ake bayarwa don tabbatar da ingantattun hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki.

Kwatanta Kamfanonin jigilar kaya: Mahimman Ma'auni don kimantawa

Lokacin kimanta kamfanonin jigilar kaya daban-daban, mayar da hankali kan waɗannan ma'auni masu mahimmanci:

  • Tsarin Kudin: Kwatanta ba kawai farashin tushe ba har ma da ƙarin kuɗi kamar ƙarin kuɗin mai, cajin sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuɗin dillalan kwastam.
  • Lokacin wucewa: Duba cikin matsakaicin lokutan wucewa don hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban da kamfani ke bayarwa.
  • Bayar da Sabis: Auna ko suna samar da ƙarin ayyuka kamar izinin kwastam, sabis na inshora, Da kuma sabis na sito.

Matsayin Masu Gabatar Da Motoci A Rage Farashi

Masu jigilar kaya suna aiki azaman masu shiga tsakani waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa daidaita hanyoyin dabaru. Ayyukansu sun haɗa da:

  • Ƙarfafa jigilar kayayyaki: Ta hanyar haɗa kaya daga abokan ciniki da yawa, za su iya rage farashi don jigilar kaya.
  • Kwarewa a Kwastam da Dokoki: Masu jigilar kaya galibi suna da ilimi na musamman wanda ke ba su damar kewaya ƙa'idodin kwastam, rage jinkiri da yuwuwar tara tara.
  • Tattaunawar Rates: Kafaffen masu jigilar kaya na iya samun farashin da aka riga aka tattauna tare da layin jigilar kaya, yana basu damar bayar da farashi mai gasa.

Abokin ciniki Reviews da kuma suna: Abin da ake nema

Lokacin zabar kamfanin jigilar kaya, sake dubawa na abokin ciniki da kuma suna na iya ba da fahimi masu kima game da amincin su da ingancin sabis. Yi la'akari:

  • Neman Bayanin Layi: Platform kamar Google Reviews, Trustpilot, da takamaiman taron masana'antu na iya bayyana kwarewar abokin ciniki.
  • Case Nazarin: Nemi nazarin shari'a ko shaida daga kamfanin jigilar kaya don tantance nasarar da suka samu wajen sarrafa jigilar kaya irin naku.
  • Amincewa da Takaddun shaida: Nemo takaddun shaida na masana'antu irin su IATA don jigilar kaya ko CTPAT don bin ka'idodin kwastan kamar yadda waɗannan zasu iya nuna kyakkyawan aiki.

 Dantful International Logistic Services:

Dokokin kwastam da ayyukan shigo da kaya

Kewaya ka'idojin kwastan da fahimtar ayyukan shigo da kaya yana da mahimmanci don ƙwarewar jigilar kaya. Sanin kanku da waɗannan abubuwan na iya taimakawa wajen guje wa jinkiri da farashi na bazata.

Fahimtar Tsarin Kwastam a Italiya

Lokacin da kayayyaki suka isa Italiya, dole ne su bi ta hanyar izinin kwastam. Manyan matakai sun haɗa da:

  • takardun: Tabbatar da cewa duk takaddun da ake buƙata kamar daftarin kasuwanci, lissafin tattara kaya, da lissafin kaya daidai ne kuma cikakke.
  • Ayyuka da Haraji: Kasance cikin shiri don biyan ayyukan da suka dace da kuma VAT, waɗanda aka tantance bisa ƙimar kayan.
  • dubawa: Kwastam na iya gudanar da bincike don tabbatar da abubuwan da ke cikin jigilar kaya, wanda zai iya shafar lokutan izini.

Harajin Shigo da Haraji na gama-gari

Haraji da haraji na shigo da kaya na iya bambanta sosai dangane da nau'in kayan da ake shigo da su. Anan ga ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani game da zargin gama-gari:

Nau'in KayaMatsakaicin Matsakaicin Ayyukan Shigo
Electronics0-14%
Tufafi da Masaku12-20%
Injiniyoyi da Kayan aiki0-6%
Abinci da abin sha5-25%

Lura: Ƙarin VAT na 22% gabaɗaya ya shafi yawancin shigo da kaya.

Hanyoyi don Rage Kudin Kwastam

Rage cajin kwastam zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ajiyar ku gaba ɗaya. Yi la'akari da dabaru masu zuwa:

  • Rarraba Kaya Daidai: Tabbatar cewa kun rarraba kayan ku da kyau tare da madaidaitan lambobin HS don guje wa kuskuren ayyuka.
  • Tattaunawa tare da masu kaya: Tattauna ko masu samar da ku za su iya daidaita ƙimar da aka ayyana na kaya don rage ayyukan aiki yayin da kuke bin ƙa'idodi.
  • Yi la'akari da Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci: Bincika idan kayanku sun cancanci kulawar fifiko a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar ciniki na kyauta na EU, wanda zai iya rage ayyukan shigo da kaya.

Nasihu don Rage Farashin jigilar kaya

Ingantaccen sarrafa farashin jigilar kayayyaki yana da mahimmanci ga kasuwancin da ke da niyyar ci gaba da samun riba a kasuwa mai gasa. Anan akwai wasu ingantattun dabaru don jigilar kayayyaki masu tsada.

Dabaru don jigilar kayayyaki masu tsada

  1. Yi Shirye-shiryen Jigila cikin Hikima: Haɓaka jigilar kayayyaki lokacin da zai yiwu don cin gajiyar ƙimar adadi mai yawa.
  2. Zaba Hanyar jigilar kaya daidai: Yi la'akari da gaggawar jigilar kayayyaki akan farashi don zaɓar hanya mafi inganci, ko iska ko ruwa.
  3. Yin amfani da Fasaha: Yi amfani da software na kayan aiki don saka idanu kan hanyoyin jigilar kaya, farashi, da layukan lokaci, yana ba da damar yanke shawara mafi kyau.

Amfani da Masu Gabatar da Motoci da Sabis na Sabis

Shiga amintaccen mai jigilar kaya, kamar Dantful International Logistics, na iya samar da fa'idodi da yawa don rage farashin jigilar kaya:

  • Tattaunawar Kwararru: Masu jigilar kaya sau da yawa sun kafa dangantaka tare da dillalai, suna ba su damar yin shawarwari mafi kyawun farashi.
  • Ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin: Suna iya daidaita hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman bukatunku, masu yuwuwar ceton farashi da lokaci.
  • Cikakkun sabis: Daga izinin kwastam to sabis na sito, Masu jigilar kaya na iya daidaita dukkan tsarin dabaru, rage nauyi akan ƙungiyar ku.

Don ƙarin bayani kan sabis na jigilar kayayyaki masu araha da inganci, la'akari da bincike Dantful International Logistics don keɓaɓɓen mafita waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun jigilar kaya.

FAQs

Lokacin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya, yawancin masu amfani suna da tambayoyi da damuwa. A ƙasa akwai wasu tambayoyi akai-akai da ake yi (FAQs) waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa fayyace mahimman al'amura na tsarin jigilar kaya.

1. Menene hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na farko don jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya?

Hanyoyi biyu na farko na jigilar kaya sune jirgin sama da kuma sufurin teku. Jirgin sama na iska yana da sauri amma ya fi tsada, dacewa da jigilar gaggawa, yayin da sufurin teku ya fi tasiri-tasiri don manyan kundin, gabaɗaya yana buƙatar lokutan wucewa.

2. Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya?

  • Jirgin sama na iska lokutan wucewa suna daga 3 zuwa kwanaki 10, ya danganta da abubuwa kamar kai tsaye vs. tashin jiragen kai tsaye da izinin kwastam.
  • Ruwan teku yawanci yana ɗauka 25 zuwa kwanaki 45, hanyar jigilar kaya, jadawalin layi, da cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa suka rinjayi.

3. Wadanne abubuwa ne ke tasiri farashin jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya?

Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri kan farashin jigilar kayayyaki, gami da:

  • Nauyi da Girma: Abubuwan da suka fi nauyi ko girma suna haifar da ƙarin farashi.
  • Nisa na jigilar kaya: Dogayen hanyoyi suna haifar da ƙarin kuɗin jigilar kayayyaki.
  • Nau'in Kaya: Gudanarwa na musamman don abubuwa masu haɗari ko masu rauni na iya ƙara farashi.
  • Haraji da Haraji: harajin shigo da kaya, VAT, da sauran cajin da suka shafi kwastam suna ƙara ƙarin kashe kuɗi.
  • Inshora da Marufi: Add-ons na zaɓi don kaya masu daraja kuma na iya rinjayar jimillar farashi.

4. Menene matsakaicin farashin jigilar kayayyaki don jigilar jiragen sama da jigilar ruwa?

  • Jirgin Kaya: Farashin farashi daga $5 zuwa $12 a kowace kilogiram, dangane da nauyi.
  • Jirgin ruwa Freight: Matsakaicin farashi na a Ganga mai ƙafa 20 kewayo daga $ 1,000 zuwa $ 1,500,lokacin a Ganga mai ƙafa 40 iya kudin tsakanin $ 1,500 da $ 3,000.

5. Shin akwai ɓoyayyun kudade masu alaƙa da jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Italiya?

Ee, ɓoyayyun kudade na iya haɗawa da:

  • Karin kudin man fetur canzawa da farashin mai.
  • Kudaden kwastam don ayyuka da haraji.
  • Kudin kulawa domin yin lodi da saukewa.
  • Kudin ajiya idan ba a dauki kaya da sauri ba.
  • Kudaden inshora don kaya masu daraja.

6. Ta yaya zan iya rage farashin jigilar kaya lokacin shigo da kaya?

Don rage farashin jigilar kaya, la'akari:

  • Ƙirƙirar jigilar kayayyaki don fa'ida daga ƙimar adadi mai yawa.
  • Zaɓi hanyar jigilar kaya daidai bisa ga gaggawa da kasafin kuɗi.
  • Yin amfani da software na dabaru don inganta hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki da saka idanu kan farashi.
  • Shiga amintaccen mai jigilar kaya kamar Dantful International Logistics, wanda zai iya yin shawarwari mafi kyawun farashi da samar da hanyoyin da aka dace.

7. Wadanne dokokin kwastam ya kamata in sani lokacin shigo da su Italiya?

Muhimman dokokin kwastam sun haɗa da:

  • Tabbatar da duk takaddun, kamar daftarin kasuwanci da lissafin tattarawa, daidai ne.
  • Fahimtar ayyukan shigo da kaya da kuma VAT, wanda zai iya bambanta ta nau'in samfuri.
  • Sanin cewa kwastan na iya gudanar da bincike wanda zai iya shafar lokutan sharewa.

Ta hanyar magance waɗannan FAQs, masu shigo da kaya za su iya yin tafiya da rikitattun abubuwan da ke tattare da jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Italiya, tabbatar da tsari mai sauƙi da ingantacciyar sarrafa kayan aiki. Don ƙarin ingantattun mafita, la'akari da haɗin gwiwa tare da Dantful International Logistics.

Shugaba

Matashi Chiu ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne wanda ke da fiye da shekaru 15 gwaninta a cikin jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa da sarrafa sarkar samarwa. Kamar yadda CEO of Dantful International Logistics, Matasa ya sadaukar da kai don samar da basira mai mahimmanci da shawarwari masu amfani ga harkokin kasuwanci da ke tafiyar da rikice-rikice na jigilar kayayyaki na duniya.

Sauran nau'ikan yare na wannan labarin

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